ABSTRACT Introduction: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the mechanisms contributing to the high mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction. Purpose: This study intended to study the role of naringin in cardiac I/R injury. Methods: AC16 cells (human cardiomyocyte cell line) were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) treatment and/or naringin pretreatment. Then, the apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and Western blotting. The concentration of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. How naringin influenced microRNA expression was examined by microarrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Dual luciferase reporter assay was employed to evaluate the interaction between miR-126 and GSK-3β. The GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was examined by Western blotting. Finally, rat myocardial I/R model was created to examine the effects of naringin in vivo. Results: Naringin pretreatment significantly decreased the cytokine release and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes exposed to OGD/R. Bioinformatical analysis revealed that naringin upregulated miR-126 expression considerably. Also, it was found that miR-126 can bind GSK-3β and downregulate its expression, suggesting that naringin could decrease GSK-3β activity. Next, we discovered that naringin increased β-catenin activity in cardiomyocytes treated with OGD/R by inhibiting GSK-3β expression. Our animal experiments showed that naringin pre-treatment or miR-126 agomir alleviated myocardial I/R. Conclusions: Naringin preconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury via regulating miR-126/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, and this chemical can be used to treat acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract The charm of food photos plays a decisive role in advertising because people search and buy food on the Internet more frequently than ever. Photos with appealing food design elements can immediately attract people's attention. The same food with different design features will attract different consumer groups through photos on the web. They greatly affected consumers' feel, and purchase decisions. This study uses Taiwanese mango ice as an example to explore the perceptual reasons why consumers are attracted to existing mango ice products, their attractive design features, and the relationship between the two. Miryoku engineering was used to explore the relationship between consumers and the appeal of food design revealed by photos, the Evaluation Grid Method (EGM) was used to extract the attractive factors of food design, and the Quantification Theory Type 1 (QTT1) is used to analyze the weight of each design feature that affects the charm of food. Three Kansei factors and 16 concrete design elements were obtained through EGM, and the weights of food design elements that influence the charm were found using QTT1. The results show that the obtained regression models can explain the relationship between the design elements of food photos and the perception of customers. The application have important reference value for evaluating food design elements and market segmentation of consumer groups. This research proves the feasibility of using Kansei engineering to explore the charm of food design, and has reference value for future related research.

Environmental changes driven by intense human disturbance and natural processes govern the abundance and distribution characteristics of two picophytoplankton groups (Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes). Picophytoplancton and high DNA (HDNA) and low DNA (LDNA) bacterial groups, identified by flow cytometry, were assessed during the autumn monsoon transition period in Daya Bay (South China Sea). The abundance of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes ranged from 2.16 x 10(4) to 1.45 x 10(5) cell mL-1 and from 0.78 x 10³ to 7.95 x 10³ cell mL-1, respectively. The abundance of HDNA bacteria in surface water (mean: 5.58 x 10(5) cell mL-1) was greater than in bottom water (mean: 3.74 x 10(5) cell mL-1), with significant difference (n = 12, P = 0.05). The difference in LDNA abundances between surface (mean: 7.06 x 10(5) cell mL-1) and bottom (mean: 4.83 x 10(5) cell mL-1) waters was insignificant (n = 12, P > 0.05). The results of the principal component analysis showed that both picophytoplankton (Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes) and bacteria (HDNA and LDNA) were positively related to nutrients (NO3-N, NH4-N, and SiO3-Si). Three subsystems in the bay were identified as follows: the west and east parts, the central and northwest parts, and the mouth and central part.

Los cambios ambientales generados por las actividades humanas y los procesos naturales determinan las características de la distribución y abundancia de dos grupos de picofitoplancton (Synechococcus y picoeucariontes). Se evaluaron las comunidades de picofitoplancton y de bacterias con mayor (MaADN) y menor (MeADN) cantidad de ADN, identificadas mediante citometría de flujo, durante el periodo de transición intermonzónico en otoño en la bahía de Daya (mar de China Meridional). La abundancia de Synechococcus y picoeucariontes varió entre 2.16 x 10(4) y 1.45 x 10(5) cél mL-1 y entre 0.78 x 10³ y 7.95 x 10³ cél mL-1, respectivamente. La abundancia del grupo bacteriano de MaADN fue mayor en el agua superficial (media: 5.58 x 10(5) cél mL-1) que en el fondo de la bahía (media: 3.74 x 10(5) cél mL-1), con una diferencia significativa (n = 12, P = 0.05). No se observó una diferencia significativa entre la abundancia del grupo de MeADN en la superficie (media: 7.06 x 10(5) cél mL-1) y el fondo (media: 4.83 x 10(5) cél mL-1) (n = 12, P > 0.05). Un análisis de componentes principales mostró que ambos grupos de picofitoplancton (Synechococcus y picoeucariontes) y bacterias (MaADN y MeADN) se relacionaron positivamente con nutrientes (NO3-N, NH4-N y SiO3-Si). Se identificaron tres subsistemas en la bahía: las partes oeste y este, las partes central y noroeste, y la boca y parte central.

No presente estudo foi realizada a identificação dos efeitos antropogênicos e das características naturais marinhas das águas da Baía de Sanya, situada ao sul do Mar da China, através de método quimiométrico. A análise de componentes principais (PCA) aplicada aos dados extraiu quatro eixos que explicaram 85,52% da variância total dos dados. Através das análises de Agrupamento e PCA foram identificados três padrões diferentes de qualidade das águas, baseados nos efeitos antropogênicos e nas características marinhas: Grupo I, localizado nas partes externa e mediana da baía; Grupo II, próximo do centro urbano de Sanya; Grupo III, localizado no estuário do Rio Sanya. Quanto ao padrão temporal, as referidas análises distinguiram uma estação seca, de novembro a abril, e uma estação chuvosa, de maio a outubro, relacionadas ao clima e características naturais. Foi visto que tanto a fonte poluidora externa, representada pelo Rio Sanya, quanto as águas do Mar do Sul da China influenciam a qualidade das águas da Baía de Sanya. Esses resultados podem ser relevantes quando considerados sob o ponto de vista do desenvolvimento socioeconômico e de saúde humana dessa região.

In this study, chemometric method is employed to identify anthropogenic effects on the water quality in Sanya Bay, South China Sea, and its marine and natural characteristics. Principal component analysis has extracted the four latent factors, thus explaining 85.52% of the total variance. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis have identified three different patterns of water quality based on anthropogenic effects and marine characteristics: Cluster I located in the outer and middle parts of the bay, Cluster II close to downtown Sanya, Cluster III located in the Sanya River estuary. In terms of the temporal pattern, principal component analysis and cluster analysis have distinguished the dry season from November to the following April, and the rainy season from May to October. The temporal pattern is related to climate and natural characteristics. The similarity index between variables and scores of samples can further distinguish the contribution of the variables to the samples. Both the polluting sources external to the Sanya River and the water from the South China Sea exercise an important influence on the water quality in Sanya Bay. These results may be valuable for socioeconomic development and human health in the Sanya Bay area.

The objective of this randomized, examiner blind, parallel group, controlled clinical trial was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (EO) to two mouthrinses containing 0.05% Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC), one with alcohol and one alcohol-free, using a two-week experimental gingivitis validated-model with a 5% hydroalcohol rinse serving as the negative control. One hundred and fifty-nine subjects, 56 males and 103 females; ranging in age from 18 to 58 years in good general health were assigned to one of the four treatment groups: EO (n = 40), 0.05% CPC with alcohol (CPCa, n = 39), 0.05% CPC alcohol-free (CPCna, n = 40), and 5% hydroalcohol negative control (n = 40). The Mean Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the Mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) were the primary efficacy endpoints and were evaluated at baseline and at two weeks. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a complete dental prophylaxis and began supervised rinsing with their assigned mouthrinse twice daily for two weeks, as their sole oral hygiene measure; 151 subjects completed the trial. Two weeks after baseline the EO adjusted mean PI and MGI scores were significantly lower than those of both CPC rinses and negative control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the EO mouthrinse demonstrated significantly greater antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy than both CPC-containing mouthrinses and the negative control.